Asthma is a common, chronic inflammation of the airways to the lungs (i.e. bronchi and bronchioles)
- Inflammation leads to swelling and mucus production, resulting in reduced airflow and bronchospasm
- During an acute asthma attack, constriction of the bronchi smooth muscle may cause significant airflow obstruction
- Common symptoms of an asthma attack include shortness of breath, chest tightness, wheezing and coughing
- Severe cases of asthma may be life threatening if left untreated
Asthma may be caused by a number of environmental triggers, including:
- Allergens (e.g. pollen, moulds)
- Smoke / scented products (e.g. perfumes, cigarettes)
- Stress and anxiety
- Food preservatives and certain medications
- Arthropods (e.g. dust mites)
- Cold air
- Exercise (increases respiratory rate)
Mnemonic: ASS FACE
Physiology of an Asthma Attack
